Failure modes and improvement measures caused by transmission parts such as conveyor belts

Belt conveyor is a kind of friction drive to transport materials in a continuous manner. It has the advantages of strong conveying capacity, long distance, simple structure and easy maintenance. It is widely used in coal mines, electronics, machinery, building materials, chemicals, medicine, etc. industry.
Transmission unit failure caused by each other

Conveyor belt failure
Failure of the drum

There are four main types of failures of the drum. 1 In the production, the conveyor belt tension F0 will gradually decrease (see Figure 1), so that the friction between the conveyor belt and the drum is reduced, causing the drum and the conveyor belt to slip; 2 conveyor belt brings water, coal mud or dirty oil and other debris into the drum and the conveyor belt, causing the roller and the conveyor belt to slip; 3 The surface of the roller rubber is flattened or worn off, resulting in a decrease in the friction factor, resulting in a decrease in the friction between the conveyor belt and the drum, causing the roller and the conveyor belt to slip; Under the action of the tension of the conveyor belt, the roller shaft bearing wears and breaks, causing its position to change, causing the conveyor belt to run off or the roller and the conveyor belt to slip, resulting in work failure.

Roller failure
There are three main types of failures of the rollers. 1 During the working process, the friction between the idler and the conveyor belt is generated. The running direction of the conveyor belt and the rotation direction of the roller have a certain inclination angle. When the roller rotates, it is subjected to the eccentric load, resulting in the roller surface and the roller bearing. The wear and tear, as time passes, causes the roller to break from the middle, the roller bearing rotation is not flexible or does not rotate, and even the bearing is released, the surface of the roller and the bearing seat are split, and the welding is removed, thereby causing the conveyor belt to run. Deviation, work resistance increase and material failure; 2 Conveyor belt brings water, coal mud or dirty oil into the contact surface of the roller and the conveyor belt, so that the product enters the inside of the roller bearing, pollutes the lubricating grease, destroys the normal lubrication of the bearing, and causes bearing damage; 3 conveying The material on the belt is biased to one side to form an eccentric load, and the load on the idler side of the roller is increased, which accelerates the wear of the roller surface and the roller bearing, causing damage to the roller and causing work failure.

The conveyor belt fails due to the change of the diameter of the drum
Due to the machining error of the drum itself, the surface is stuck with material or uneven wear causes the diameter to change. The traction force Fq of the conveyor belt generates a moving component force Fy to the large side of the drum diameter. Under the action of the moving component force Fy, the conveyor belt generates the roller toward the roller. When the diameter is larger, the conveyor belt will go up to the upper part, as shown in Figure 3, causing the work to fail.

Failure caused by bending of the conveyor belt on the drum
When the conveyor belt is wound into the drum, it will bend. When the number of bending reaches its fatigue limit, bending failure will occur. At the beginning, small cracks will appear. Over time, the crack will expand or tear, which will eventually cause the conveyor belt to break and cause work failure.

Roller failure
The conveyor belt is not working properly or the conveyor belt is damaged due to the surface adhesion.
Due to the installation error, the load-bearing roller group has a position change during the production process or the surface of the roller is stuck with deposits such as slime, which may cause the conveyor belt to run off to one side at the group of rollers, resulting in work failure.

Conveyor belt failure caused by roller damage
After the roller wears, the metal surface is cracked or the roller is lifted under the impact load, causing abnormal wear or scratching of the conveyor belt, or even being torn, eventually causing the conveyor belt to break and causing work failure. Improvement measures, timely inspection and maintenance
When the conveyor belt is slack on the drum and slips, the tension is adjusted by means of weight tensioning, screw tensioning, hydraulic tensioning, etc., to eliminate the slipping fault. However, when the conveyor belt is permanently deformed, the tensioning stroke is not enough, and the conveyor belt can be cut off for a period of re-joining.
When there are water, coal mud or dirty oil on the surface of the conveyor belt, roller and roller, it should be cleaned in time to keep the surface of the transmission parts dry. If the environment is wet, rosin can be added to the drum to prevent slipping. If the surface of the conveyor belt is cracked, the rubber surface of the drum is damaged, and the roller is not working or damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in time. The bearing lubricant should be cleaned and filled regularly, and the work cannot be continued to prevent more faults or safety accidents. When the deviation occurs, as shown in Figure 2, the direction of the head drive roller is as shown by the arrow. The upper part of the drum moves to the left or the lower part moves to the right. To maintain the tension of the belt, the drum is in the proper position. Position, the tail redirection drum is adjusted in the opposite direction to the head drive roller. When the position of the idler is incorrect, the adjustment method is as shown in Fig. 4. Which side of the conveyor belt is biased, which side of the roller set moves to the appropriate direction of the conveyor belt, or the other side is transported. With the opposite direction of motion adjustment, it is necessary to adjust several adjacent rollers at the deviation to complete.

The transmission parts are qualified and the process meets the requirements.
The quality of the transmission parts such as the conveyor belt, the roller and the idler should be qualified, and the work failure due to the manufacturing error of the drum itself should not occur. The installation and maintenance process of the belt conveyor parts meets the requirements, and the error cannot exceed the standard. The conveyor should run smoothly to prevent overload or shock loads.
In actual production, it is necessary to strengthen the responsibility of the belt conveyor driver and the inspection personnel, strictly implement the operation of the belt conveyor, inspection and maintenance systems, carefully analyze and judge the discovered faults, and timely maintain. Avoid the occurrence of large accidents, extend the service life of transmission parts such as conveyor belts, rollers and rollers, and improve production efficiency.